Monday, May 23, 2005

.NET Html Agility Pack: How to use malformed HTML just like it was well-formed XML...

!! Update 06/08/18 !! The home of Html Agility Pack has changed again (hopefully for the last time...). The project is now located at CodePlex, available here:
http://www.codeplex.com/Wiki/View.aspx?ProjectName=htmlagilitypack

Comments and questions are welcome!
Simon.

Here is an agile HTML parser that builds a read/write DOM and supports plain XPATH or XSLT. It is an assembly that allows you to parse "out of the web" HTML files. The parser is very tolerant with "real world" malformed HTML. The object model is very similar to what proposes System.Xml, but for HTML documents (or streams).

Sample applications:

  • Page fixing or generation. You can fix a page the way you want, modify the DOM, add nodes, copy nodes, you name it.
  • Web scanners. You can easily get to img/src or a/hrefs with a bunch XPATH queries.
  • Web scrapers. You can easily scrap any existing web page into an RSS feed for example, with just an XSLT file serving as the binding. An example of this is provided.

There is no dependency on anything else than .Net's XPATH implementation. There is no dependency on Internet Explorer's dll or tidy or anything like that. There is also no adherence to XHTML or XML, although you can actually produce XML using the tool.

For example, here is how you would fix all hrefs in an HTML file:

HtmlDocument doc = new HtmlDocument();
doc.Load("file.htm");
foreach(HtmlNode link in doc.DocumentElement.SelectNodes("//a[@href"])
{
HtmlAttribute att = link["href"];
att.Value = FixLink(att);
}
doc.Save("file.htm");

You can still download the .NET Framework 1.1 version here, and for the .NET Framework 2.0 version, please go to CodePlex (link above)


Note: This page was previously located at http://blogs.msdn.com/smourier/archive/2003/06/04/8265.aspx

72 Comments:

Blogger Xanadu said...

Hi Simon,

this sounds really awsome, I would like to try it, but unfortunately the links don't work (both the download link for htmlagilitypack.zip and htmlagilitypack20.zip give me 404) ?

Best,
Claus

6:01 PM

 
Blogger Michael Freidgeim said...

Thank you for your reply regarding my post Determine Encoding of Wed Page in HtmlAgilityPack

I've updated the code to use HtmlDocument.DetectEncoding

3:49 AM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

The package has two projects missing but they are just samples you can forget. The third missing item is a .SNK file. You have to create this file by yourself using the SN.EXE utility provided in the .NET Framework SDK, with a command like:

SN.EXE -k HtmlAgilityPack.snk

More info on the "assembly strong naming" topic can be found on MSDN

The .NET Framework 2.0 (Beta2) Html Agility Pack does not have these problems.

Simon.

7:49 AM

 
Blogger Michael Freidgeim said...

I found that some web servers return HTTP (403) forbidden error,
if UserAgent header is not specified.
HtmlWeb.Get should be changed to specify UserAgent.
See http://www.thespoke.net/MyBlog/MNF/MyBlog_Comments.aspx?ID=95486

2:08 AM

 
Blogger Bart Xavier said...

Simon,

Something odd is happening in code I wrote using the HtmlAgilityPack. I have a function that is supposed to remove specific tags from the Html document, tags that I don't need:
----
private void RemoveTag(ref HtmlDocument document, string targetTag, bool keepGrandChildren)
{
HtmlNode docNode = document.DocumentNode;

HtmlNodeCollection targetNodes = docNode.SelectNodes("descendant::" + targetTag);
if( targetNodes != null)
{
foreach(HtmlNode node in targetNodes)
{
node.ParentNode.RemoveChild(node, keepGrandChildren);

}
}
}

----

I make calls to this function to remove tags like 'span' (attributes removed):

----
RemoveTag(ref htmlDoc, "span", true);
----

The function does it's job; all span tags are removed from the document. However, the problem is that sometimes, the ordering of the remaining tags change in the document. When I say sometimes, I mean that it sometimes has this behavior on the exact same document. Specifically, I have a case where the html document is returned in the correct order ONLY when I step/debug line-by-line through the code. But when I just run the code without any debugging, some of the tags are ordered incorrectly.

Any ideas as to why this is happening?

3:42 PM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

This may be a bug. Please post your code and html text to simon_mourier{removeThis}@(removeThat)hotmail[removeThatAsWell].com

Simon.

6:16 PM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

Answers to Max's questions below.
1) you can either embed .cs directly in your code, or reference the dll. You have to understand the general dev environment to be able to use Html Agility Pack. It's a developer/programmer library, not a tool as such.

2) the html agility pack does not "know" html tags (this is a different behavior from most other parsers like tidy). In general (you can tweak this behavior), it treats all tags as equivalent. You can select a, or div, or any other tag you want.
Simon.

8:17 AM

 
Blogger Geoff Hingston said...

Hi Simmon,

HtmlAgilityPack is great, I am almost at the end of developing some software that requires cleaning of some very dirty html.

While testing I have come accros the following problem. The dirty HTML is:

<P style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" justify? TEXT-ALIGN: 0pt; 0in MARGIN:>Some text...</P>

The output when I convert it to XML is:

<p 0in="" _margin3a_="" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" _text-align3a_="" _justify3f_="" _0pt3b_="">Some Text...</p>

The problem is the "0in" attribute name. I am using an XmlTextReader to traverse the xml and get rid of any nasty attribute names (such as ones created by word) and I get an exception when the reader tries to read this element. (IE spits the dummy on this attribute as well)

Where you aware of this bug?

If you don't have a fix I can debug you code and prepend an underscore as you have done with the other attributes.

2:06 AM

 
Blogger Geoff Hingston said...

I don't know if its W3C compliant but I have come up with a quick fix that appears to work for element and attribute names and allows me to read the resulting xml:


public static string GetXmlName(string name) {
...

if(!char.IsLetter(name[0]) && name[0]!='_')
nameisok = false;

if (nameisok)
{
return xmlname;
}
return "_" + xmlname;
}

6:23 AM

 
Blogger Michael Freidgeim said...

Currently HtmlNode.SelectNodes Method returns null if no node matched the XPath expression.
It will be good if it will return empty HtmlNodeCollection with 0 count.
It will simplify the calling code before using foreach, e.g.

HtmlNodeCollection atts = _doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes(xPath);
//the following check is currently essential
if (atts == null)
return;

foreach(HtmlNode n in atts)
{//do what is required
}

I didn't check for null initially and got an exception later. I am sure that I am not alone, who can make this mistake.

Regards,
Michael Freidgeim

5:47 AM

 
Blogger Michael Freidgeim said...

The current implementation of HtmlNode use internal _innerhtml and _outerhtml strings to keep cached values of the strings.
Unfortunately they are not always automatically refreshed if some child node is changed.
I had to create public method HtmlChanged to reset the internal flags. Unfortunately I didn't find a better way to fix the problem.

/// <-summary->
/// The function resets the internal flags _innerchanged and _outerchanged. Forces to recalculate InnerHtml and OuterHtml on the next request
/// The current implementation sets the flags only on the current level,
/// i.e if the node is changed, the parent/granparent nodes still keep old cached _innerHtml/_outerHtml values.
/// The method should be called before the call to InnerHtml/OuterHtml
/// if child node details were changed and InnerHtml/OuterHtml has been called before the change.
/// <-/summary->
/// <-remarks->The current implementation of HtmlNode use internal _innerhtml and _outerhtml strings to keep cached values of the strings
/// Unfortunately they are not always automatically refreshed if some child node is changed
/// <-/remarks->
public void HtmlChanged()
{
_outerchanged = true;
_innerchanged = true;
}

6:57 AM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

Not sure what you mean, but if you use the FORM tag overlapping feature, the FORM tag will contain nothing (at parsing time).

It does not mean you cannot add input fields to the HTML, it just means these fields' DOM nodes will not have the FORM node as a (grand) parent.

Simon.

9:39 AM

 
Blogger 151 said...

Hi Simon,

What sort of license do you provide the HTML Agility Pack under? Is it free to use?

cheers!

1:36 PM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

1:48 PM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

1) the Html Agility Pack is more a parser than a browser. As such, it knows very little about what HTML really represents (UI), it knows more about elements and attributes. I mean the HTML DOM interfaces are quite far from what the pack does today.

2) concerning the IDL, if you copy / paste the original specs, it's quite fast, I don't think you really *need* that tool.

3) the last form / post remark is certainly helpful and not too complicated to do. The HtmlWeb class in the pack knows how to do GETs and POSTs, so you could extend it to support form posting. form posting is very easy to do, it's not really related to HTML, it's more related to HTTP.

8:59 AM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

The .NET Framework is protected against bad HTTP headers. Please have a look at http://blogs.msdn.com/gzunino/archive/2004/09/05/225881.aspx about (useUnsafeHeaderParsing setting), for more information on this subject. Alternatively, you can use PreRequest or PostResponse fields of the HtmlWeb class to change the HTTP handling. The last solution is to rewrite HtmlWeb according yo your needs. You can still use HTML parsing without the HtmlWeb class which is provided as an add on.

9:37 PM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

Hi Perry.

The agility pack keeps original HTML text as intact as possible. If you see "\r\n" nodes in the document object model, it means there were in the original HTML, and the pack just kept it. You can use code, xslt or xpath to remove it if you don't want to see it.

9:15 AM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

Hi Josh,

This is due to the content of the < script > node. If you look carefully, it contains a remark with a closing < / script > tag. The way the agility pack parses < script > and < style > node is simply to look for a closing tag (< / script > or < / style > respectively). This is by the way exactly how IE does. If you remove the remark, IE will understand it as the real closing tag as well. But IE (and Firefox) know how to handle Javascript (and probably VBScript) remarks, while the Html Agility pack does not. This could be considered as a bug (that could be fixed. I will note it somewhere in my head).

Note if you are not using XML, you just won't see the problem. You see it because the agility pack tries to convert the rest of the script into valid XML.

To fix your problem, you will have to modify manually the script before loading it in the Html Agility Pack (maybe using a regular expression).

8:41 AM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

I am not sure exactly what you are looking for, but this may be it:

HtmlNodeCollection nodes = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//text()");

6:35 PM

 
Blogger Bob C said...

Simon,

Off topic, but will you be moving the ActiveScript Web Part tool to this blog?

4:23 PM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

Concerning the Help file, I have absolutely no clue. I didn't even know it used to work?

About the ActiveX Scripting WebPart, it's done. I have justed posted it on this blog. I did not know people we actually using it :-)

5:10 PM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

Hi Greg. About the synchronized ElementFlags, the design choice was that you would change this globally. That is, if I need to change the flags, I would probably do it in a static constructor, because it's a global change affecting all html documents. That was my choice. The other solution would have been not to define it as a static collection, but as a member of the HtmlDocument class.

9:19 AM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

Hi Jørn, you are right, there is a design error in the library. It's an old one, and it requires some work to fix actually.

Like you say, because an HtmlAttribute is *not* an HtmlNode, by design, the SelectNodes cannot directly retrieve HTML attributes.

Funny though, not many people have noticed this so far (that I am aware of) :-)
Simon.

11:39 PM

 
Blogger James Pansarasa said...

I was wondering why the classes are based upon the System.Xml classes. I would think that extending the System.Xml classes would give you W3C Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Core and the Core DOM Level 2 support.

For example:
public class HtmlNode : System.Xml.XmlNode
{
//...
}

12:00 AM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

Hi James.

Well. Good question :-) It could be done this way. Maybe if I was rewriting it today, I would do this. However I though Html was different enough from Xml to deserve its own set of classes.

Like I use to say, my main design choice was *not* to follow any standard :-) but make sure the library can eat anything coming from the wild internet jungle. This way, without constraint, without dependency, it can live its own life.

For example, the library knows almost nothing about HTML itself. It mostly knows about tags, attributes and that's it.

Simon.

8:35 AM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

Hi Jørn,

hmmm... have you tried this:

doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//*['xmlns:v']");

I think it may work.
Simon.

7:29 PM

 
Blogger BigSan's Blog said...

I wonder whether the development of this library is still active, but I like it very much, thanks!

There are some bugs about this class, they happened when I set the OptionOutputXml to true.

1. HtmlDocument.HtmlEncode method.
the Regex pattern should be "&(?!(amp;)|(lt;)|(gt;)|(quot;)|(#x[a-fA-F0-9]+;)|(#[0-9]+;))", and if OptionOutputXml is true, it should not ignore case.

2. Because of the HtmlDocument.HtmlEncode method is static, it seems that should be overloaded to meet the requirement.
And the case HtmlNodeType.Text in HtmlNode.WriteTo method should be tuned, too.

3. HtmlDocument.GetXmlName. I don't think we should force all xmlname to be lowercase :), and besides, the if statement should add more conditions to it to avoid leading [-\.0-9], see below:
if (((name[i] >= 'a') && (name[i] <= 'z')) ||
((name[i] >= 'A') && (name[i] <= 'Z')) ||
((i > 0) && (name[i] >= '0') && (name[i] <= '9')) ||
((i > 0) && (name[i] == '-')) ||
((i > 0) && (name[i] == '.')) ||
(name[i] == '_'))

12:00 PM

 
Blogger Don Walker said...

Hi Simon,

I'm using HtmlAgilityPack with .Net 2005 and have been very impressed. Thank you. I have found what appears to be a bug when you set the Id property on an HtmlNode that didn't have one previously. The id attribute is not added to the node's attributes. The bug is in the SetId method in HtmlNode.cs. What I think is the correct version follows below:

internal void SetId(string id)
{
HtmlAttribute att = Attributes["id"];
if (att == null)
{
att = _ownerdocument.CreateAttribute("id");
Attributes.Append(att); // I added this line
}
att.Value = id;
_ownerdocument.SetIdForNode(this, att.Value);
_outerchanged = true;
}

Please let me know if there are any problems with this fix. Thanks.

7:38 PM

 
Blogger Ryan said...

First, thanks for an extremely useful and well written library.

I ran into a HtmlDocument parse error "end tag </option> is not required", when parsing html that has a select with option tags that have closing tags. It took some effort to figure out to modify HtmlNode.ElementFlags for this case. After removing the "option" entry, the parser worked for both closed and self-closing tags. Maybe this should be the default? Or should there be a top-level HtmlDocument.Option property for this?

Thanks again for this great library.

6:39 PM

 
Blogger Don Walker said...

Hi Simon,

This time I'm posting a workaround to a problem that I had using HtmlDocument.CreateComment. When I saved the file the new comments were written out without the enclosing "<!--" and "-->". The workaround is in HtmlNode.cs and follows below. Let me know if there is a better way to fix this.

public void WriteTo(TextWriter outText)
{
string html;
switch(_nodetype)
{
case HtmlNodeType.Comment:
html = ((HtmlCommentNode)this).Comment;
if (_ownerdocument.OptionOutputAsXml)
{
outText.Write("<!--" + GetXmlComment((HtmlCommentNode)this) + " -->");
}
else
{
if (!html.StartsWith("<!--"))
{
// Don Walker Mar 29/06 workaround When a comment is
// parsed in from a file the HtmlCommentNode created will
// have _comment, _innerhtml and _outerhtml all null. In
// this case the Comment property returns the same as
// OuterHtml. When a comment is created using
// HtmlDocument.CreateComment _comment is set to the
// comment string and the Comment property returns just
// the comment string without the <!-- and --> wrappers
html = ((HtmlCommentNode)this).OuterHtml;
}
outText.Write(html);
}
break;

7:24 PM

 
Blogger Simon Mourier said...

Hi everyone, please use the following url for your comments:

http://www.codeplex.com/Wiki/View.aspx?ProjectName=htmlagilitypack

Cheers,
Simon

12:57 PM

 
Blogger Clave y Tumbao said...

Hi,
I am new using the HtmlAgilityPack, I think is great so far... I am just a little stuck and I hope you can help me.
I am trying to use FormProcessor to navigate thru a webpage, but I don't know how to attach the Digital Certificate to the FormProcessor. I already did the samples and I have no problems attaching the certificate to the HttpWebRequest, is just that I don't know how to do the same for the FormProcessor

Looking forward to hear from you,
Sebastian

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1:14 PM

 
Blogger Windsor said...

a cloud access security broker, automatically encrypting data in motion, identity and access management, firewalls, and intrusion detection and intrusion prevention systems. These tools will remain useful long after the migration is complete.
https://www.windzr.com/blog/key-secure-cloud-migrations-bystock-enterprise-it-transformation

9:32 PM

 

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